Common safety hazards with low-head dams

At first glance, dams may seem tranquil and picturesque, but low-head dams can hide serious safety hazards. Underneath the seemingly still waters lurk many types of danger both to recreational users and first responders alike.

Understanding some of the common dangers can help inform safety protocols, improve awareness among the public and emergency responders, and prevent tragic accidents and fatalities associated with these structures.

Slippery surfaces

Like every water-exposed environment, dams often have slippery areas around the edges and on walkways. Algae and moss can grow on the dam’s surface, especially in shaded or moist areas, creating slick conditions that increase the risk of slips and falls. These slippery surfaces pose a significant danger, especially to individuals navigating the dam’s perimeter or attempting to rescue others who may have fallen into the water.

Unpredictable currents and hydraulic rollers

Below the still surface of low-head dams, unpredictable currents and hydraulic rollers can form. These occur due to the structure’s design, which creates turbulence as water flows over the dam. These currents can trap swimmers, boaters or debris, making escape difficult and potentially leading to drowning or injury.

Sudden changes in water levels

Dams are mostly fed by upstream reservoirs or rivers, where water levels can fluctuate rapidly due to factors such as heavy rainfall, snowmelt or dam operations. These changes can occur unexpectedly and without warning, posing dangers to individuals downstream or near the dam. Sudden rises in water levels can submerge previously accessible areas, creating swift currents and increasing the risk of drowning for those caught unaware.

Animals and insects

Animals and insects may congregate in these areas attracted by water sources, vegetation or nesting sites. This can lead to encounters with aggressive wildlife, such as territorial birds or mammals, which may pose physical threats or transmit diseases. Insects like mosquitoes attracted to standing water, can create nuisances and health risks through bites and potential disease transmission.

Determining liability in dam accidents can be complex, and it is important to get legal guidance if you or a loved one has been involved in such an incident.